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Today in Chickamauga History - October 14

The Chickamauga Nation

February 10, 2025
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Today in Chickamauga History

Today in Chickamauga History - October 14

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1768, October 14:  Treaty of Hard Labor.  Ceded land in southwestern Virginia to the British Indian Superintendent, John STUART.

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1792, October 14: Letter from Thomas Jefferson to William Carmichael and William Short - (1) Deposition of Daniel Thornberry, Nashville, 10 Apr. 1792, describing attacks by “Doublehead,” a Cherokee chief, on American settlers along the Cumberland and Red Rivers and relating a plan by a party of Creeks to enlist the support of the Chickasaws and Choctaws in a war against Americans; with attached note by Governor William Blount, 4 July 1792, stating that “Double head” was a signer of the Treaty of Holston. (2) Deposition of John Ormsby, Rock Landing, Georgia, 11 May 1792, stating that although Alexander McGillivray remained friendly, efforts were being made to turn the Creeks against the United States by Indian supporters of William A. Bowles, William Panton of Panton, Leslie & Company, and Governor Carondelet and his agent, Olivier. (3) Deposition of James Ore, Knox County, Southwest Territory, 16 June 1792, reporting that Olivier had offered Spanish arms and ammunition to the Creeks to defend their lands against the United States and had invited the Creeks to a meeting with Carondelet at Pensacola to which the Cherokees would also be invited; and that there were rumors among the Creeks that Olivier would meet with the Chickasaws and Choctaws at Natchez after the Pensacola meeting. (4) Deposition of James Leonard, Rock Landing, Georgia, 24 July 1792 (sworn on 26 July 1792), reporting that various activities among the Southern tribes by Governor Arturo O’Neill of Pensacola, Olivier, Panton, and Carondelet indicated that “the Spaniards are doing every thing in their power to engage the Indians in a War with the United States”—not only the Creeks, but the Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Cherokees as well; that McGillivray has gone over to the Spanish; and that five Spanish regiments had arrived at the Mississippi and more were expected from Havana. (5) Passport issued by Governor Carondelet, New Orleans, 28 July 1792, authorizing a Cherokee named Richard to escort Joseph Deraque to the Cherokee nation. (6) Deposition of Joseph Deraque, Nashville, 15 Sep. 1792, stating that Carondelet informed him that “he had sent by McGillivray to inform the Creeks, Cherokees, and Choctaws they must come to him to get arms and ammunition”; that Carondelet had instructed him “to invite the Creeks Cherokees and Choctaws but more particularly the two first to come to him and get guns and ammunition and go to war against the People of Cumberland and Holston—that the lands were theirs, and the property of no other people, and he would furnish them with means to defend it, and to be active and unanimous in going to war quickly”; that in the course of carrying out this mission for Carondelet he discovered that the Creeks and Cherokees were preparing for war with the United States and was told by Governor O’Neill that he “had orders to excite the Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws and Chickasaws, to War against the United States, though he doubted whether the last would join”; with attached attestations of Deraque’s veracity by Richard Findlestone, his part-Cherokee traveling companion, and by Blount, dated 15 and 25 Sep. 1792, respectively (Trs of Enclosures Nos. 1–4 and 6, and MS of Enclosure No. 5, in DLC: Short Papers; all but Enclosure No. 5 certified by John Stagg, Jr., as having been copied from War Department files on 16 Oct. 1792; see note 1 below).

The standing instruction to Indian agent James Seagrove was embodied in a 29 Apr. 1792 letter from the Secretary of War (ASP, Indian Affairs, I, 254–5). The great and serious war was a reference to the outbreak in September 1792 of hostilities against the United States by the five lower Cherokees towns, aided and abetted by “one hundred banditti Creeks” (same, 261; see also Arthur P. Whitaker, “Spain and the Cherokee Indians, 1783–98,” North Carolina Historical Review, IV [1927], 252–60). For a discussion of the militant Indian policy of Baron de Carondelet, see note to Notes of Cabinet Meeting on the Southern Indians and Spain, 31 Oct. 1792. - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-24-02-0445

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1837, October 14:  The second party voluntarily removed by the U. S. government, composed of 365 persons, leaves from the Cherokee Agency under B. B. CANNON.

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