EDITORIAL: Knowledge is power. First, why did Tsi'yu-gansini strike the war pole and leave the council of Oconestada and Attakullakulla after the signing of the Treaty of Holston? Because the pacifist Cherokee and their old men wanted to appease the United States and give away the traditional homelands of the Chickamauga (The hunting grounds were used by the Chickamauga, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Natchez, and numerous other tribes) who held to the traditionalist Mound Builder traditions, culture and religion that forbid them from giving away the lands.
To James Madison from William Sharpe 5 June 1801
From William Sharpe
STATESVILLE IREDELL COUNTY June 5th 1801
SIR
Soon after parting with you at Philadelphia in October 1781 I applied myself to the study and afterward to the practice of the Law. I have lately, in a great measure, declined public business.
I observe that by the sixty second Chapter of the first session of the sixth Congress, the President of the United States is authorised to defray the expence of holding a treaty or treaties with the Indians south of the river Ohio &c. In case the President should judge it expedient to carry that act into operation and think proper to appoint me one of the commissioners, I would execute the trust with pleasure.
Once I served as a commissioner from North Carolina with Colo. Preston and Christie from Virginia at the long Island on Holstien1 treating with the Cherokee’s in 1777—and have by me copies of, nearly, all the Indian treaties in America for upward of fifty years—therefore possess means of information on that subject beyond most of men.
A few lines from you would be highly gratifying. With great este[e]m and respect I am Sir Your most Obedient Humble Servant
WM: SHARPE2
RC (DLC).
1. For the text and a discussion of the agreement between Cherokee Indians and commissioners from Virginia (who included colonels William Preston and William Christian) and North Carolina, see Archibald Henderson, “The Treaty of Long Island of Holston, July, 1777,” N.C. Historical Review, 8 (1931): 55–116. By this pact the Overhill Cherokee tribe ceded all its territory east of the Blue Ridge Mountains and granted whites a corridor through western Virginia and North Carolina to the Cumberland Gap.
2. William Sharpe, born in Maryland, had treated with the Cherokee at the Long Island conference and then served as a delegate to Congress from North Carolina between 1779 and October 1781, when he and JM shared several committee assignments. Later he sat briefly in the lower house of the North Carolina assembly (ibid., 8:61; PJM, 3:78–79, 4:273 n. 3).
(C) This document was produced at the request of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs on July 18, 2019, to document the History, Anthropology, Culture, Religion, and Archaeology of The Chickamauga Nation.